Pistachio-based activated carbon

Biological The presence of organic and toxic compounds in water is caused by various types of natural processes, precipitation, surface runoff, industrial and municipal waste and wastewater. But the most important problem in this field is that these organic compounds react with disinfection byproducts such as chlorine and its derivatives and produce toxic substances. Considering that wastewater problems are of great importance, especially in food industries, petrochemical plants, leather factories, pulp and paper factories, dairies and sugar factories, and are considered a major threat. Given that wastewater problems are of great importance and are considered a major threat, especially in food industries, petrochemical plants, leather factories, pulp and paper factories, dairies and sugar factories. You must have complete knowledge of the quantitative and qualitative parameters of wastewater in order to be able to determine the necessary degree of treatment. For example, each wastewater and waste can consist of different organic compounds, including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, oils, resins, dyes, phenols, petroleum products, detergents, pesticides and synthetic polymers, each of which has specific methods for neutralization. There are various types of mechanical, chemical, biological, combined and disinfection methods in wastewater treatment processes. Most wastewater treatment consists of four stages: mechanical, biological, removal of biogenic compounds and water renewal stage. However, some non-degradable substances may remain in the water at the end, which can be absorbed by activated carbon.

Activated carbon production can be from agricultural waste. For example, production of activated carbon from walnut shell, activated carbon from hazelnut shell, coconut and fruit kernels, etc. can all contribute to environmental sustainability in addition to being affordable.

مهم ترین نکته ای که می تواند کربن فعال را به عنوان یک جاذب همه کاره و موثر از ترکیبات آلی و معدنی با ساختار و اندازه مولکول های مختلف تبدیل کند نوع سطح کربن و میزان تخلخل مناسب آن است. کربن فعال پایه پسته که در اثر حرارت و فعال سازی فیزیکی با استفاده از CO 2 یا بخار و یا از طریق فعال سازی شیمیایی با استفاده از NaOH , NH 4 NO 3 , H 2 SO 4 یا HCl تهیه می شود. ثابت کرده به عنوان یک جاذب موثر برای انواع آلاینده های آلی و معدنی می تواند عملکرد خوبی داشته باشد. کربن فعال پایه پوست پسته به عنوان نوعی قابلیت حذف NO 2 و H2S ، SO2  ، VOCs، رنگ‌ های آلی ، ترکیبات فنلی ، پارابن‌ ها ، ترکیبات داروسازی، سیانید، یون های فلزات سنگین ، یون های فلزات واسطه و موارد دیگر را دارند.

Activated carbon based on pistachio shell

The activation of pistachio shell base carbon can be done through physical and chemical activation. According to studies, physical and chemical activation of pistachio shell significantly changes the percentage of carbon and other elements compared to before activation. According to these studies, it was found that the carbon prepared from pistachio shell by physical activation is very different from the carbon prepared from chemical activation, which is the same amount of difference that causes the difference in the reaction between biomass and CO 2 or H 3 PO 4. The chemical activation method of pistachio shell activated carbon significantly increases the content of inorganic additives in the carbon structure. This problem was much greater in chemical activation using orthophosphoric acid.

The most important point in different activation is that pistachio shell-based activated carbons in different activation (physico-chemical) contain groups of both acidic and basic nature, but their mutual ratio varies depending on the type of activation. Meanwhile, pistachio shell-based activated carbon with chemical activation contains more than 13 times more acidic groups than basic groups. Note that carbon dioxide gas in combination with high activation temperature (800 ° C) is useful for producing basic groups, while orthophosphoric acid as an activating agent at a much lower temperature (usually 500 to 600 ° C) causes the formation of an acidic surface.